commit 7541cb1c683e3760016fba38fa72d41bf88fa2f0 Author: Joshua Coles Date: Wed Mar 1 20:48:14 2023 +0000 Initial Work diff --git a/IOPGraphicsGuidelines.pdf b/IOPGraphicsGuidelines.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2f77d8 Binary files /dev/null and b/IOPGraphicsGuidelines.pdf differ diff --git a/IOPLaTeXGuidelines.pdf b/IOPLaTeXGuidelines.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61d3122 Binary files /dev/null and b/IOPLaTeXGuidelines.pdf differ diff --git a/IOPLaTeXGuidelines.tex b/IOPLaTeXGuidelines.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..644f0a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/IOPLaTeXGuidelines.tex @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +\documentclass[12pt]{iopart} +\newcommand{\gguide}{{\it Preparing graphics for IOP Publishing journals}} +%Uncomment next line if AMS fonts required +%\usepackage{iopams} +\usepackage{todonotes} + +\begin{document} + +\title[Diffusion Limited Aggregation Investigation]{Analysis of Diffusion Limited Aggregation under a variety of behaviours} + +\author{Candidate Number: XXXXX} +\vspace{10pt} +\begin{indented} +\item[]March 2023 +\end{indented} + +\begin{abstract} +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. +\end{abstract} + +\section{Introduction} + +\section{Discussion} + +We identify three orthogonal characteristics of the system which we can vary to change the behaviour of the system: + +\begin{enumerate} + \item The sticking behaviour, for example introducing a sticking probability to the system such that a particle will not always stick when moving adjacent to the cluster. + \item The random walk behaviour, for instance introducing a different probability distribution, or applying an external force. + \item The space which the DLA process is embedded in, most notably its dimension. +\end{enumerate} + +From this we will take the following observables + +\begin{enumerate} + \item The measured fractal dimension of the cluster. + \item TODO the consequent critical exponent of the system + \item The surface area of the cluster at various points in its evolution, both total and external. + \item The percentage occupation of the cluster in a ball of equal radius. +\end{enumerate} + +\todo{We will want to break up that observable discussion into multiple paragraphs, talk about how the critical exponent is related to the fractal dimension, how that relates to the embedding dimension, etc. Why one might be interested in the two other observables we pulled out of our ass.} + +\section{Method} + +\todo{What tense should this method be in?} + +We will investigate these characteristics in turn as time and computational modelling allows through the following process. Starting with the provided code and working towards a more bespoke and customisable model. + + We first took the initially provided code for DLA modelling \ref{IPC} and make minimal alterations such that it will run with reasonable speed \footnote[1]{When running on macOS systems the rendering code slows down the model by several orders of magnitude making it unsuitable for large scale modelling, hence it is removed and replaced with image generation mitigation as discussed later.} and output data for analysis. This data will be analysed and compared with literature\ref{initial-fractal-dimension-data} to confirm agreement. This will then act as a baseline implementation of the DLA model against which we can compare future alterations to ground them and ensure preservation of correct behaviour. In addition we will be creating a small auxiliary program to generate static images of the final result for manual verification of qualitative characteristics as the rendering code is not suitable for large data collection\footnotemark[1]. + +\todo{Should we reference git commits here? Or keep them all in one repo. Maybe a combo and have them as submodules in a report branch allowing for a linear history and also concurrent presentation for a report.} + +Once this minimal viable alteration is complete we will implement our first proper change to the system, introducing a sticking probability, $p_{stick}$, such that a particle is no longer guaranteed to stick when moving adjacent to the cluster, but instead has a chance of simply passing by. This represents a change in our first identified orthogonal behaviour of the model, and the simplest to implement in the framework of the initially provided code. We will verify behaviour against the minimal viable alteration to ensure it is correct. Once this has been done this data will then be analysed to identify a quantitive relationship between $p_{stick}$ and our observables previously listed. + +\todo{Do we want to talk about testing, for example that we get a uniform offset, etc.} + +\todo{Do we have any theory to link for this? Probably in results but worth bearing in mind} + +For further alterations a new codebase will be engineered to allow for more efficient alteration of the other two, more systematic, orthogonal characteristics of the system, containing initially the sticking probability alteration. To ensure fidelity of results we will compare the behaviour and observables of this new system to that of the minimal viable alteration, as well as the sticking probability alteration of it \todo{Better word}. + +Once accuracy has been determined the model will be embedded in spaces of higher dimensions, with different values of $p_{stick}$, to observe changes in our desired behaviour and compared against literature where possible. + +Finally a system for more complex particle motion will be developed such that we can plug in multiple walk modes in addition to a standard random walk, for example by introducing an external force or various varieties. + + +\end{document} + diff --git a/iopams.sty b/iopams.sty new file mode 100644 index 0000000..baf2b72 --- /dev/null +++ b/iopams.sty @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +%% %% This is file `iopams.sty' %% File to include AMS fonts and extra definitions for bold greek %% characters for use with iopart.cls %% \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} \ProvidesPackage{iopams}[1997/02/13 v1.0] \RequirePackage{amsgen}[1995/01/01] \RequirePackage{amsfonts}[1995/01/01] \RequirePackage{amssymb}[1995/01/01] \RequirePackage{amsbsy}[1995/01/01] % \iopamstrue % \newif\ifiopams in iopart.cls & iopbk2e.cls % % allows optional text to be in author guidelines % % Bold lower case Greek letters % \newcommand{\balpha}{\boldsymbol{\alpha}} \newcommand{\bbeta}{\boldsymbol{\beta}} \newcommand{\bgamma}{\boldsymbol{\gamma}} \newcommand{\bdelta}{\boldsymbol{\delta}} \newcommand{\bepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\epsilon}} \newcommand{\bzeta}{\boldsymbol{\zeta}} \newcommand{\bfeta}{\boldsymbol{\eta}} \newcommand{\btheta}{\boldsymbol{\theta}} \newcommand{\biota}{\boldsymbol{\iota}} \newcommand{\bkappa}{\boldsymbol{\kappa}} \newcommand{\blambda}{\boldsymbol{\lambda}} \newcommand{\bmu}{\boldsymbol{\mu}} \newcommand{\bnu}{\boldsymbol{\nu}} \newcommand{\bxi}{\boldsymbol{\xi}} \newcommand{\bpi}{\boldsymbol{\pi}} \newcommand{\brho}{\boldsymbol{\rho}} \newcommand{\bsigma}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} \newcommand{\btau}{\boldsymbol{\tau}} \newcommand{\bupsilon}{\boldsymbol{\upsilon}} \newcommand{\bphi}{\boldsymbol{\phi}} \newcommand{\bchi}{\boldsymbol{\chi}} \newcommand{\bpsi}{\boldsymbol{\psi}} \newcommand{\bomega}{\boldsymbol{\omega}} \newcommand{\bvarepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}} \newcommand{\bvartheta}{\boldsymbol{\vartheta}} \newcommand{\bvaromega}{\boldsymbol{\varomega}} \newcommand{\bvarrho}{\boldsymbol{\varrho}} \newcommand{\bvarzeta}{\boldsymbol{\varsigma}} %NB really sigma \newcommand{\bvarsigma}{\boldsymbol{\varsigma}} \newcommand{\bvarphi}{\boldsymbol{\varphi}} % % Bold upright capital Greek letters % \newcommand{\bGamma}{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}} \newcommand{\bDelta}{\boldsymbol{\Delta}} \newcommand{\bTheta}{\boldsymbol{\Theta}} \newcommand{\bLambda}{\boldsymbol{\Lambda}} \newcommand{\bXi}{\boldsymbol{\Xi}} \newcommand{\bPi}{\boldsymbol{\Pi}} \newcommand{\bSigma}{\boldsymbol{\Sigma}} \newcommand{\bUpsilon}{\boldsymbol{\Upsilon}} \newcommand{\bPhi}{\boldsymbol{\Phi}} \newcommand{\bPsi}{\boldsymbol{\Psi}} \newcommand{\bOmega}{\boldsymbol{\Omega}} % % Bold versions of miscellaneous symbols % \newcommand{\bpartial}{\boldsymbol{\partial}} \newcommand{\bell}{\boldsymbol{\ell}} \newcommand{\bimath}{\boldsymbol{\imath}} \newcommand{\bjmath}{\boldsymbol{\jmath}} \newcommand{\binfty}{\boldsymbol{\infty}} \newcommand{\bnabla}{\boldsymbol{\nabla}} \newcommand{\bdot}{\boldsymbol{\cdot}} % % Symbols for caption % \renewcommand{\opensquare}{\mbox{$\square$}} \renewcommand{\opentriangle}{\mbox{$\vartriangle$}} \renewcommand{\opentriangledown}{\mbox{$\triangledown$}} \renewcommand{\opendiamond}{\mbox{$\lozenge$}} \renewcommand{\fullsquare}{\mbox{$\blacksquare$}} \newcommand{\fulldiamond}{\mbox{$\blacklozenge$}} \newcommand{\fullstar}{\mbox{$\bigstar$}} \newcommand{\fulltriangle}{\mbox{$\blacktriangle$}} \newcommand{\fulltriangledown}{\mbox{$\blacktriangledown$}} \endinput %% %% End of file `iopams.sty'. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/iopart.cls b/iopart.cls new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99bfbe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/iopart.cls @@ -0,0 +1,1107 @@ +%% +%% This is file `iopart.cls' +%% +%% This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +%% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. +%% +%% Licensed under the LPPL: http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +%% Current Maintainer: IOP Publishing Ltd +%% +%% \CharacterTable +%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z +%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z +%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9 +%% Exclamation \! 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Solidus \/ +%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \< +%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \? +%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\ +%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_ +%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \| +%% Right brace \} Tilde \~} +% +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} +\ProvidesClass{iopart}[1996/06/10 v0.0 IOP Journals LaTeX article class] +\newcommand\@ptsize{0} +\newif\if@restonecol +\newif\if@titlepage +\newif\ifiopams +\@titlepagefalse +\DeclareOption{a4paper} + {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}% + \setlength\paperwidth {210mm}} +\DeclareOption{letterpaper} + {\setlength\paperheight {11in}% + \setlength\paperwidth {8.5in}} +\DeclareOption{landscape} + {\setlength\@tempdima {\paperheight}% + \setlength\paperheight {\paperwidth}% + \setlength\paperwidth {\@tempdima}} +\DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}} +\DeclareOption{11pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{2}} % No 11pt version +\DeclareOption{12pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{2}} +\DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}} +\DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}} +\DeclareOption{titlepage}{\@titlepagetrue} +\DeclareOption{notitlepage}{\@titlepagefalse} +\ExecuteOptions{letterpaper,final} +\ProcessOptions +\DeclareMathAlphabet{\bi}{OML}{cmm}{b}{it} +\DeclareMathAlphabet{\bcal}{OMS}{cmsy}{b}{n} +\input{iopart1\@ptsize.clo} +\setlength\lineskip{1\p@} +\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@} +\renewcommand\baselinestretch{} +\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@} +\@lowpenalty 51 +\@medpenalty 151 +\@highpenalty 301 +\setlength\parindent{2em} +\setcounter{topnumber}{8} +\renewcommand\topfraction{1} +\setcounter{bottomnumber}{3} +\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.99} +\setcounter{totalnumber}{8} +\renewcommand\textfraction{0.01} +\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.8} +\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{6} +\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{1} +\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.8} +% +\pretolerance=5000 +\tolerance=8000 +% +% Headings for all pages apart from first +% +\def\ps@headings{\let\@oddfoot\@empty + \let\@evenfoot\@empty + \def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\itshape\rightmark}% + \def\@oddhead{{\itshape\leftmark}\hfil\thepage}% + \let\@mkboth\markboth + \let\sectionmark\@gobble + \let\subsectionmark\@gobble} +% +% Headings for first page +% +\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty + \let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty + \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \let\sectionmark\@gobble + \let\subsectionmark\@gobble} +% +% \maketitle just ends page +% +\newcommand\maketitle{\newpage} +% +% Article titles +% +% Usage: \title[Short title]{Full title} +% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long +% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum +% +\renewcommand{\title}{\@ifnextchar[{\@stitle}{\@ftitle}} +\def\@stitle[#1]#2{\markboth{#1}{#1}% + \thispagestyle{myheadings}% + \vspace*{3pc}{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000 + \Large\raggedright\noindent + \bf#2\par}} +\def\@ftitle#1{\markboth{#1}{#1}% + \thispagestyle{myheadings}% + \vspace*{3pc}{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000 + \Large\raggedright\noindent + \bf#1\par}} +% +% Can use \paper instead of \title +% +\let\paper=\title +% +% Generic title command for articles other than papers +% +% Usage: \article[Short title]{Article Type}{Full title} +% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long +% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum +% +\newcommand{\article}{\@ifnextchar[{\@sarticle}{\@farticle}} +\def\@sarticle[#1]#2#3{\markboth{#1}{#1}% + \thispagestyle{myheadings}% + \vspace*{.5pc}% + {\parindent=\mathindent \bf #2\par}% + \vspace*{1.5pc}% + {\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000 + \Large\raggedright\noindent + \bf#3\par}}% +\def\@farticle#1#2{\markboth{#2}{#2}% + \thispagestyle{myheadings}% + \vspace*{.5pc}% + {\parindent=\mathindent \bf #1\par}% + \vspace*{1.5pc}% + {\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000 + \Large\raggedright\noindent + \bf#2\par}}% +% +% Letters to the Editor +% +% Usage \letter{Full title} +% No short title is required for Letters +% +\def\letter#1{\article[Letter to the Editor]{Letter to the Editor}{#1}} +% +% Fast Track Communications (added by sxb 9 March 2011) +% +% Usage \ftc{Full title} - there's no short title +\def\ftc#1{\article[Fast Track Communication]{Fast Track Communication}{#1}} +% +% +% Review articles +% +% Usage: \review[Short title]{Full title} +% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long +% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum +% +\def\review{\@ifnextchar[{\@sreview}{\@freview}} +\def\@sreview[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Review Article}{#2}} +\def\@freview#1{\@farticle{Review Article}{#1}} +% +% Topical Review +% +% Usage: \topical[Short title]{Full title} +% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long +% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum +% +\def\topical{\@ifnextchar[{\@stopical}{\@ftopical}} +\def\@stopical[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Topical Review}{#2}} +\def\@ftopical#1{\@farticle{Topical Review}{#1}} +% +% Comments +% +% Usage: \comment[Short title]{Full title} +% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long +% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum +% +\def\comment{\@ifnextchar[{\@scomment}{\@fcomment}} +\def\@scomment[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Comment}{#2}} +\def\@fcomment#1{\@farticle{Comment}{#1}} +% +% Rapid Communications +% +% Usage: \rapid[Short title]{Full title} +% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long +% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum +% +\def\rapid{\@ifnextchar[{\@srapid}{\@frapid}} +\def\@srapid[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Rapid Communication}{#2}} +\def\@frapid#1{\@farticle{Rapid Communication}{#1}} +% +% Notes +% +% Usage: \note[Short title]{Full title} +% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long +% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum +% +\def\note{\@ifnextchar[{\@snote}{\@fnote}} +\def\@snote[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Note}{#2}} +\def\@fnote#1{\@farticle{Note}{#1}} +% +% Preliminary Communications +% +% Usage: \prelim[Short title]{Full title} +% [Short title] is optional; use where title is too long +% or contains footnotes, 50 characters maximum +% +\def\prelim{\@ifnextchar[{\@sprelim}{\@fprelim}} +\def\@sprelim[#1]#2{\@sarticle[#1]{Preliminary Communication}{#2}} +\def\@fprelim#1{\@farticle{Preliminary Communication}{#1}} +% +% List of authors +% +% Usage \author[Short form]{List of all authors} +% The short form excludes footnote symbols linking authors to addresses +% and is used for running heads in printed version (but not on preprints) +% +\renewcommand{\author}{\@ifnextchar[{\@sauthor}{\@fauthor}} +\def\@sauthor[#1]#2{\markright{#1} % for production only + \vspace*{1.5pc}% + \begin{indented}% + \item[]\normalsize\bf\raggedright#2 + \end{indented}% + \smallskip} +\def\@fauthor#1{%\markright{#1} for production only + \vspace*{1.5pc}% + \begin{indented}% + \item[]\normalsize\bf\raggedright#1 + \end{indented}% + \smallskip} +% +% Affiliation (authors address) +% +% Usage: \address{Address of first author} +% \address{Address of second author} +% Use once for each address, use symbols \dag \ddag \S \P $\|$ +% to connect authors with addresses +% +\newcommand{\address}[1]{\begin{indented} + \item[]\rm\raggedright #1 + \end{indented}} +% +% American Mathematical Society Classification Numbers +% Usage: \ams{57.XX, 58.XX} +% +\def\ams#1{\vspace{10pt} + \begin{indented} + \item[]\rm AMS classification scheme numbers: #1\par + \end{indented}} +% +% A single Physics & Astronomy Classification Number +% Usage \pacno{31.10} +% +\def\pacno#1{\vspace{10pt} + \begin{indented} + \item[]\rm PACS number: #1\par + \end{indented}} +% +% Physics & Astronomy Classification Numbers (more than one) +% Usage \pacs{31.10, 31.20T} +% +\def\pacs#1{\vspace{10pt} + \begin{indented} + \item[]\rm PACS numbers: #1\par + \end{indented}} +% +% Submission details. If \jl command used journals name printed +% otherwise Institute of Physics Publishing +% +\def\submitted{\vspace{28pt plus 10pt minus 18pt} + \noindent{\small\rm Submitted to: {\it \journal}\par}} +% +\def\submitto#1{\vspace{28pt plus 10pt minus 18pt} + \noindent{\small\rm Submitted to: {\it #1}\par}} +% +% For articles (other than Letters) not divided into sections +% Usage \nosections Start of text +% +\def\nosections{\vspace{30\p@ plus12\p@ minus12\p@} + \noindent\ignorespaces} +% +% Acknowledgments (no heading if letter) +% Usage \ack for Acknowledgments, \ackn for Acknowledgement +% +\def\ack{\ifletter\bigskip\noindent\ignorespaces\else + \section*{Acknowledgments}\fi} +\def\ackn{\ifletter\bigskip\noindent\ignorespaces\else + \section*{Acknowledgment}\fi} +% +% Footnotes: symbols selected in order \dag (1), \ddag (2), \S (3), +% $\|$ (4), $\P$ (5), $^+$ (6), $^*$ (7), \sharp (8), \dagger\dagger (9) +% unless optional argument of [] use to specify required symbol, +% 1=\dag, 2=\ddag, etc +% Usage: \footnote{Text of footnote} +% \footnote[3]{Text of footnote} +% +\def\footnoterule{}% +\setcounter{footnote}{1} +\long\def\@makefntext#1{\parindent 1em\noindent + \makebox[1em][l]{\footnotesize\rm$\m@th{\fnsymbol{footnote}}$}% + \footnotesize\rm #1} +\def\@makefnmark{\hbox{${\fnsymbol{footnote}}\m@th$}} +\def\@thefnmark{\fnsymbol{footnote}} +\def\footnote{\@ifnextchar[{\@xfootnote}{\stepcounter{\@mpfn}% + \begingroup\let\protect\noexpand + \xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}\endgroup + \@footnotemark\@footnotetext}} +\def\@xfootnote[#1]{\setcounter{footnote}{#1}% + \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnote} +\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ifcase#1\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or \S\or + \|\or \P\or ^{+}\or ^{\tsty *}\or \sharp + \or \dagger\dagger \else\@ctrerr\fi\relax} +% +% IOP Journals +% +\newcounter{jnl} +\newcommand{\jl}[1]{\setcounter{jnl}{#1}} +\def\journal{\ifnum\thejnl=0 Institute of Physics Publishing\fi + \ifnum\thejnl=1 J. Phys.\ A: Math.\ Gen.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=2 J. Phys.\ B: At.\ Mol.\ Opt.\ Phys.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=3 J. Phys.:\ Condens. Matter\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=4 J. Phys.\ G: Nucl.\ Part.\ Phys.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=5 Inverse Problems\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=6 Class. Quantum Grav.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=7 Network: Comput.\ Neural Syst.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=8 Nonlinearity\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=9 J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=10 Waves Random Media\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=11 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=12 Phys. Med. Biol.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=13 Modelling Simul.\ Mater.\ Sci.\ Eng.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=14 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=15 Physiol. Meas.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=16 Combust. Theory Modelling\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=17 High Perform.\ Polym.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=18 Public Understand. Sci.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=19 Rep.\ Prog.\ Phys.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=20 J.\ Phys.\ D: Appl.\ Phys.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=21 Supercond.\ Sci.\ Technol.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=22 Semicond.\ Sci.\ Technol.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=23 Nanotechnology\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=24 Measur.\ Sci.\ Technol.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=25 Plasma.\ Sources\ Sci.\ Technol.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=26 Smart\ Mater.\ Struct.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=27 J.\ Micromech.\ Microeng.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=28 Distrib.\ Syst.\ Engng\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=29 Bioimaging\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=30 J.\ Radiol. Prot.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=31 Europ. J. Phys.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=32 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.\ \fi + \ifnum\thejnl=33 New. J. Phys.\ \fi} +% +% E-mail addresses (to provide links from headers) +% +\def\eads#1{\vspace*{5pt}\address{E-mail: #1}} +\def\ead#1{\vspace*{5pt}\address{E-mail: \mailto{#1}}} +\def\mailto#1{{\tt #1}} +% +% Switches +% +\newif\ifletter +% +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} +\newcounter {section} +\newcounter {subsection}[section] +\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection] +\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection] +\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph] +\renewcommand\thesection {\arabic{section}} +\renewcommand\thesubsection {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}} +\renewcommand\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection.\arabic{subsubsection}} +\renewcommand\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}} +\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}} +\def\@chapapp{Section} + +\newcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}% + {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}% + {2.3ex \@plus.2ex}% + {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries\raggedright}} 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\else + \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi + #7}\else + \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\relax %% \relax added 2 May 90 + \@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname + {#7}\addcontentsline + {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else + \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi + #7}}\fi + \@xsect{#5}} +% +\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{\@tempskipa #3\relax + \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ + \begingroup #4\noindent{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M #5\par}\endgroup + \else \def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax #5}\fi + \@xsect{#3}} + +\setlength\leftmargini{2em} +\setlength\leftmarginii{2em} +\setlength\leftmarginiii{1.8em} +\setlength\leftmarginiv{1.6em} +\setlength\leftmarginv{1em} +\setlength\leftmarginvi{1em} +\setlength\leftmargin{\leftmargini} +\setlength\labelsep{0.5em} +\setlength\labelwidth{\leftmargini} +\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep} +\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty +\@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty +\@itempenalty -\@lowpenalty +\renewcommand\theenumi{\roman{enumi}} +\renewcommand\theenumii{\alph{enumii}} +\renewcommand\theenumiii{\arabic{enumiii}} +\renewcommand\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}} +\newcommand\labelenumi{(\theenumi)} +\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)} +\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.} +\newcommand\labelenumiv{(\theenumiv)} +\renewcommand\p@enumii{(\theenumi)} +\renewcommand\p@enumiii{(\theenumi.\theenumii)} +\renewcommand\p@enumiv{(\theenumi.\theenumii.\theenumiii)} +\newcommand\labelitemi{$\m@th\bullet$} +\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --} +\newcommand\labelitemiii{$\m@th\ast$} +\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$} +\newenvironment{description} + {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin + \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}} + {\endlist} +\newcommand\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep + \normalfont\bfseries #1} +\newenvironment{abstract}{% + \vspace{16pt plus3pt minus3pt} + \begin{indented} + \item[]{\bfseries \abstractname.}\quad\rm\ignorespaces} + {\end{indented}\if@titlepage\newpage\else\vspace{18\p@ plus18\p@}\fi} +\newenvironment{verse} + {\let\\=\@centercr + \list{}{\itemsep \z@ + \itemindent -1.5em% + \listparindent\itemindent + \rightmargin \leftmargin + \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}% + \item[]} + {\endlist} +\newenvironment{quotation} + {\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em% + \itemindent \listparindent + \rightmargin \leftmargin + \parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}% + \item[]} + {\endlist} +\newenvironment{quote} + {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}% + \item[]} + {\endlist} +\newenvironment{titlepage} + {% + \@restonecolfalse\newpage + \thispagestyle{empty}% + \if@compatibility + \setcounter{page}{0} + \else + \setcounter{page}{1}% + \fi}% + {\newpage\setcounter{page}{1}} +\def\appendix{\@ifnextchar*{\@appendixstar}{\@appendix}} +\def\@appendix{\eqnobysec\@appendixstar} +\def\@appendixstar{\@@par + \ifnumbysec % Added 30/4/94 to get Table A1, + \@addtoreset{table}{section} % Table B1 etc if numbering by + \@addtoreset{figure}{section}\fi % section + \setcounter{section}{0} + \setcounter{subsection}{0} + \setcounter{subsubsection}{0} + \setcounter{equation}{0} + \setcounter{figure}{0} + \setcounter{table}{0} + \def\thesection{Appendix \Alph{section}} + \def\theequation{\ifnumbysec + \Alph{section}.\arabic{equation}\else + \Alph{section}\arabic{equation}\fi} % Comment A\arabic{equation} maybe + \def\thetable{\ifnumbysec % better? 15/4/95 + \Alph{section}\arabic{table}\else + A\arabic{table}\fi} + \def\thefigure{\ifnumbysec + \Alph{section}\arabic{figure}\else + A\arabic{figure}\fi}} +\def\noappendix{\setcounter{figure}{0} + \setcounter{table}{0} + \def\thetable{\arabic{table}} + \def\thefigure{\arabic{figure}}} +\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@} +\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@} +\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@} +\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@} +\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep} +\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins +\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@} +\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@} +\renewcommand\theequation{\arabic{equation}} +\newcounter{figure} +\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure} +\def\fps@figure{tbp} +\def\ftype@figure{1} +\def\ext@figure{lof} +\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure} +\newenvironment{figure}{\footnotesize\rm\@float{figure}}% + {\end@float\normalsize\rm} +\newenvironment{figure*}{\footnotesize\rm\@dblfloat{figure}}{\end@dblfloat} +\newcounter{table} +\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table} +\def\fps@table{tbp} +\def\ftype@table{2} +\def\ext@table{lot} +\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable} +\newenvironment{table}{\footnotesize\rm\@float{table}}% + {\end@float\normalsize\rm} +\newenvironment{table*}{\footnotesize\rm\@dblfloat{table}}% + {\end@dblfloat\normalsize\rm} +\newlength\abovecaptionskip +\newlength\belowcaptionskip +\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@} +\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@} +% +% Added redefinition of \@caption so captions are not written to +% aux file therefore less need to \protect fragile commands +% +\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\begingroup + \@parboxrestore + \normalsize + \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par + \endgroup} +% +\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{\vskip \abovecaptionskip + \begin{indented} + \item[]{\bf #1.} #2 + \end{indented}\vskip\belowcaptionskip} +\let\@portraitcaption=\@makecaption + +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc} +\ifiopams +\renewcommand{\cal}{\protect\pcal} +\else +\newcommand{\cal}{\protect\pcal} +\fi +\newcommand{\pcal}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathcal}} +\ifiopams +\renewcommand{\mit}{\protect\pmit} +\else +\newcommand{\mit}{\protect\pmit} +\fi +\newcommand{\pmit}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathnormal}} +\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em} +\newcommand\@tocrmarg {2.55em} +\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5} +\setcounter{tocdepth}{3} +\newcommand\tableofcontents{% + \section*{\contentsname + \@mkboth{\uppercase{\contentsname}}{\uppercase{\contentsname}}}% + \@starttoc{toc}% + } +\newcommand\l@part[2]{% + \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax + \addpenalty{\@secpenalty}% + \addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}% + \begingroup + \setlength\@tempdima{3em}% + \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth + \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth + {\leavevmode + \large \bfseries #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par + \nobreak + \if@compatibility + \global\@nobreaktrue + \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}} + \fi + \endgroup + \fi} +\newcommand\l@section[2]{% + \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\z@ + \addpenalty{\@secpenalty}% + \addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}% + \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}% + \begingroup + \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth + \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth + \leavevmode \bfseries + \advance\leftskip\@tempdima + \hskip -\leftskip + #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par + \endgroup + \fi} +\newcommand\l@subsection {\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}} +\newcommand\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}} +\newcommand\l@paragraph {\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}} +\newcommand\l@subparagraph {\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}} +\newcommand\listoffigures{% + \section*{\listfigurename + \@mkboth{\uppercase{\listfigurename}}% + {\uppercase{\listfigurename}}}% + \@starttoc{lof}% + } +\newcommand\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}} +\newcommand\listoftables{% + \section*{\listtablename + \@mkboth{\uppercase{\listtablename}}{\uppercase{\listtablename}}}% + \@starttoc{lot}% + } +\let\l@table\l@figure +\newenvironment{theindex} + {\if@twocolumn + \@restonecolfalse + \else + \@restonecoltrue + \fi + \columnseprule \z@ + \columnsep 35\p@ + \twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]% + \@mkboth{\uppercase{\indexname}}% + {\uppercase{\indexname}}% + \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@ + \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax + \let\item\@idxitem} + {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi} +\newcommand\@idxitem {\par\hangindent 40\p@} +\newcommand\subitem {\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}} +\newcommand\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{30\p@}} +\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax} +\newcommand\contentsname{Contents} +\newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures} +\newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables} +\newcommand\refname{References} +\newcommand\indexname{Index} +\newcommand\figurename{Figure} +\newcommand\tablename{Table} +\newcommand\partname{Part} +\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix} +\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract} +\newcommand\today{\number\day\space\ifcase\month\or + January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or + July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi + \space\number\year} +\setlength\columnsep{10\p@} +\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@} + +\newcommand{\Tables}{\clearpage\section*{Tables and table captions} + \def\fps@table{hp}\noappendix} +\newcommand{\Figures}{\clearpage\section*{Figure captions} + \def\fps@figure{hp}\noappendix} +% +\newcommand{\Figure}[1]{\begin{figure} + \caption{#1} + \end{figure}} +% +\newcommand{\Table}[1]{\begin{table} + \caption{#1} + \begin{indented} + \lineup + \item[]\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}} + +\def\endTable{\end{tabular}\end{indented}\end{table}} +\let\endtab=\endTable +% +\newcommand{\fulltable}[1]{\begin{table} + \caption{#1} + \footnotesize + \lineup + \begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{}l*{15}{@{\extracolsep{0pt plus 12pt}}l}}} +\def\endfulltable{\end{tabular*}\end{table}\normalsize} +% +% +\newcommand{\Bibliography}[1]{\section*{References}\par\numrefs{#1}} +\newcommand{\References}{\section*{References}\par\refs} + +\def\thebibliography#1{\list + {\hfil[\arabic{enumi}]}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@ + \partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@ + \labelsep=5\p@\itemindent=-10\p@ + \settowidth\labelwidth{\footnotesize[#1]}% + \leftmargin\labelwidth + \advance\leftmargin\labelsep + \advance\leftmargin -\itemindent + \usecounter{enumi}}\footnotesize + \def\newblock{\ } + \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000 + \sfcode`\.=1000\relax} +\let\endthebibliography=\endlist +\def\numrefs#1{\begin{thebibliography}{#1}} +\def\endnumrefs{\end{thebibliography}} +\let\endbib=\endnumrefs +% +\def\thereferences{\list{}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@ + \partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=-18\p@ +\labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=18\p@ +}\footnotesize\rm +\def\newblock{\ } +\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000 +\sfcode`\.=1000\relax +} +% +\let\endthereferences=\endlist +\newlength{\indentedwidth} +\newdimen\mathindent +\indentedwidth=\mathindent +% +% Macro to used for references in the Harvard system +% +\newenvironment{harvard}{\list{}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@ +\partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=-18\p@ +\labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=18\p@ +}\footnotesize\rm +\def\newblock{\ } +\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000 +\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}{\endlist} +% +\def\refs{\begin{harvard}} +\def\endrefs{\end{harvard}} +% +\newenvironment{indented}{\begin{indented}}{\end{indented}} +\newenvironment{varindent}[1]{\begin{varindent}{#1}}{\end{varindent}} +% +\def\indented{\list{}{\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=0\p@ + \labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=\mathindent\topsep=0\p@\partopsep=0\p@ + \parsep=0\p@\listparindent=15\p@}\footnotesize\rm} + +\let\endindented=\endlist + +\def\varindent#1{\setlength{\varind}{#1}% + \list{}{\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=0\p@ + \labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=\varind\topsep=0\p@\partopsep=0\p@ + \parsep=0\p@\listparindent=15\p@}\footnotesize\rm} + +\let\endvarindent=\endlist + +\def\[{\relax\ifmmode\@badmath\else + \begin{trivlist} + \@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty + \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty + \item[]\leavevmode + \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup$ \displaystyle + \hskip\mathindent\bgroup\fi} +\def\]{\relax\ifmmode \egroup $\hfil \egroup \end{trivlist}\else \@badmath \fi} +\def\equation{\@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty + \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty +\refstepcounter{equation}\trivlist \item[]\leavevmode + \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup $ \displaystyle +\hskip\mathindent} +\def\endequation{$\hfil \displaywidth\linewidth\@eqnnum\egroup \endtrivlist} +% +\@namedef{equation*}{\[} +\@namedef{endequation*}{\]} +% +\def\eqnarray{\stepcounter{equation}\let\@currentlabel=\theequation +\global\@eqnswtrue +\global\@eqcnt\z@\tabskip\mathindent\let\\=\@eqncr +\abovedisplayskip\topsep\ifvmode\advance\abovedisplayskip\partopsep\fi +\belowdisplayskip\abovedisplayskip +\belowdisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip +\abovedisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip +$$\halign to +\linewidth\bgroup\@eqnsel$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@ + {##{}}$&\global\@eqcnt\@ne $\displaystyle{{}##{}}$\hfil + &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ $\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil + \tabskip\@centering&\llap{##}\tabskip\z@\cr} +\def\endeqnarray{\@@eqncr\egroup + \global\advance\c@equation\m@ne$$\global\@ignoretrue } +\mathindent = 6pc +% +\def\eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\openup\jot\m@th + \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil + \crcr#1\crcr}}\,} +% +\def\eqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip\z@skip + \halign to\displaywidth{\hspace{5pc}$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$% + \tabskip\z@skip + &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfill\tabskip\@centering + &\llap{$\@lign\hbox{\rm##}$}\tabskip\z@skip\crcr + #1\crcr}} +% +\newif\ifnumbysec +\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec + \arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}\else + \arabic{equation}\fi} +\def\eqnobysec{\numbysectrue\@addtoreset{equation}{section}} + +\newcounter{eqnval} + +% 2012: if you have an eqn numbered by parts (eg eqn 6a, 6b) this allows +% you to refer to it by just the number (eg eqn 6) if the label is between +% the \multiparteqn and the \numparts +\def\multiparteqn{\addtocounter{equation}{1} +\eqnarray\nonumber +\endeqnarray + +\vspace{-72pt} +} + +\def\numparts{\addtocounter{equation}{1}% + \setcounter{eqnval}{\value{equation}}% + \setcounter{equation}{0}% + \def\theequation{\ifnumbysec + \arabic{section}.\arabic{eqnval}{\it\alph{equation}}% + \else\arabic{eqnval}{\it\alph{equation}}\fi}} + +\def\endnumparts{\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec + \arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}\else + \arabic{equation}\fi}% + \setcounter{equation}{\value{eqnval}}} +% +\def\cases#1{% + \left\{\,\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\normalbaselines\openup1\jot\m@th% + \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}\hfil$&\tqs + \rm##\hfil\crcr#1\crcr}}\right.}% +% +\newcommand{\e}{\mathrm{e}} +\newcommand{\rme}{\mathrm{e}} +\newcommand{\rmi}{\mathrm{i}} +\newcommand{\rmd}{\mathrm{d}} +\renewcommand{\qquad}{\hspace*{25pt}} +\newcommand{\tdot}[1]{\stackrel{\dots}{#1}} % Added 1/9/94 +\newcommand{\tqs}{\hspace*{25pt}} +\newcommand{\fl}{\hspace*{-\mathindent}} +\newcommand{\Tr}{\mathop{\mathrm{Tr}}\nolimits} +\newcommand{\tr}{\mathop{\mathrm{tr}}\nolimits} +\newcommand{\Or}{\mathord{\mathrm{O}}} %changed from \mathop 20/1/95 +\newcommand{\lshad}{[\![} +\newcommand{\rshad}{]\!]} +\newcommand{\case}[2]{{\textstyle\frac{#1}{#2}}} +\def\pt(#1){({\it #1\/})} +\newcommand{\dsty}{\displaystyle} +\newcommand{\tsty}{\textstyle} +\newcommand{\ssty}{\scriptstyle} +\newcommand{\sssty}{\scriptscriptstyle} +\def\lo#1{\llap{${}#1{}$}} +\def\eql{\llap{${}={}$}} +\def\lsim{\llap{${}\sim{}$}} +\def\lsimeq{\llap{${}\simeq{}$}} +\def\lequiv{\llap{${}\equiv{}$}} +% +\newcommand{\eref}[1]{(\ref{#1})} +\newcommand{\sref}[1]{section~\ref{#1}} +\newcommand{\fref}[1]{figure~\ref{#1}} +\newcommand{\tref}[1]{table~\ref{#1}} +\newcommand{\Eref}[1]{Equation (\ref{#1})} +\newcommand{\Sref}[1]{Section~\ref{#1}} +\newcommand{\Fref}[1]{Figure~\ref{#1}} +\newcommand{\Tref}[1]{Table~\ref{#1}} + +\newcommand{\opencircle}{\mbox{\Large$\circ\,$}} % moved Large outside maths +\newcommand{\opensquare}{\mbox{$\rlap{$\sqcap$}\sqcup$}} +\newcommand{\opentriangle}{\mbox{$\triangle$}} +\newcommand{\opentriangledown}{\mbox{$\bigtriangledown$}} +\newcommand{\opendiamond}{\mbox{$\diamondsuit$}} +\newcommand{\fullcircle}{\mbox{{\Large$\bullet\,$}}} % moved Large outside maths +\newcommand{\fullsquare}{\,\vrule height5pt depth0pt width5pt} +\newcommand{\dotted}{\protect\mbox{${\mathinner{\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp}}$}} +\newcommand{\dashed}{\protect\mbox{-\; -\; -\; -}} +\newcommand{\broken}{\protect\mbox{-- -- --}} +\newcommand{\longbroken}{\protect\mbox{--- --- ---}} +\newcommand{\chain}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ ---}} +\newcommand{\dashddot}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ $\cdot$ ---}} +\newcommand{\full}{\protect\mbox{------}} + +\def\;{\protect\psemicolon} +\def\psemicolon{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thickmuskip\else\kern .3333em\fi} +\def\lineup{\def\0{\hbox{\phantom{\footnotesize\rm 0}}}% + \def\m{\hbox{$\phantom{-}$}}% + \def\-{\llap{$-$}}} +% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Tables rules % +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\newcommand{\boldarrayrulewidth}{1\p@} +% Width of bold rule in tabular environment. + +\def\bhline{\noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height +\boldarrayrulewidth \futurelet \@tempa\@xhline} + +\def\@xhline{\ifx\@tempa\hline\vskip \doublerulesep\fi + \ifnum0=`{\fi}} + +% +% Rules for tables with extra space around +% +\newcommand{\br}{\ms\bhline\ms} +\newcommand{\mr}{\ms\hline\ms} +% +\newcommand{\centre}[2]{\multispan{#1}{\hfill #2\hfill}} +\newcommand{\crule}[1]{\multispan{#1}{\hspace*{\tabcolsep}\hrulefill + \hspace*{\tabcolsep}}} +\newcommand{\fcrule}[1]{\ifnum\thetabtype=1\multispan{#1}{\hrulefill + \hspace*{\tabcolsep}}\else\multispan{#1}{\hrulefill}\fi} +% +% Extra spaces for tables and displayed equations +% +\newcommand{\ms}{\noalign{\vspace{3\p@ plus2\p@ minus1\p@}}} +\newcommand{\bs}{\noalign{\vspace{6\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@}}} +\newcommand{\ns}{\noalign{\vspace{-3\p@ plus-1\p@ minus-1\p@}}} +\newcommand{\es}{\noalign{\vspace{6\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@}}\displaystyle}% +% +\newcommand{\etal}{{\it et al\/}\ } +\newcommand{\dash}{------} +\newcommand{\nonum}{\par\item[]} %\par added 1/9/93 +\newcommand{\mat}[1]{\underline{\underline{#1}}} +% +% abbreviations for IOPP journals +% +\newcommand{\CQG}{{\it Class. Quantum Grav.} } +\newcommand{\CTM}{{\it Combust. Theory Modelling\/} } +\newcommand{\DSE}{{\it Distrib. Syst. Engng.\/} } +\newcommand{\EJP}{{\it Eur. J. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\JNE}{{\it J. Neural Eng.} } %added 30/11/2004 GMD +\newcommand{\PB}{{\it Phys. Biol.} } %added 30/11/2004 GMD +\newcommand{\SMS}{{\it Smart Mater. Struct.} } %added 30/11/2004 GMD +\newcommand{\HPP}{{\it High Perform. Polym.} } % added 4/5/93 +\newcommand{\IP}{{\it Inverse Problems\/} } +\newcommand{\JHM}{{\it J. Hard Mater.} } % added 4/5/93 +\newcommand{\JO}{{\it J. Opt.} } +\newcommand{\JOA}{{\it J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.} } +\newcommand{\JOB}{{\it J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} } +\newcommand{\JPA}{{\it J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.} } % superseded by \jpa below +\newcommand{\JPB}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys.} } %1968-87 +\newcommand{\jpb}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.} } %1988 and onwards +\newcommand{\JPC}{{\it J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys.} } %1968--1988 +\newcommand{\JPCM}{{\it J. Phys.: Condens. Matter\/} } %1989 and onwards +\newcommand{\JPD}{{\it J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\JPE}{{\it J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.} } +\newcommand{\JPF}{{\it J. Phys. F: Met. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\JPG}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys.} } %1975--1988 +\newcommand{\jpg}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.} } %1989 and onwards +\newcommand{\JMM}{{\it J. Micromech. Microeng.\/} } +\newcommand{\MSMSE}{{\it Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.} } % sxb changed to 'Simul' 15 Mar 2011 +\newcommand{\MST}{{\it Meas. Sci. Technol.} } %1990 and onwards +\newcommand{\NET}{{\it Network: Comput. Neural Syst.} } +\newcommand{\NJP}{{\it New J. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\NL}{{\it Nonlinearity\/} } +\newcommand{\NT}{{\it Nanotechnology} } +\newcommand{\PAO}{{\it Pure Appl. Optics\/} } +\newcommand{\PM}{{\it Physiol. Meas.} } % added 4/5/93 +\newcommand{\PMB}{{\it Phys. Med. Biol.} } +\newcommand{\PPCF}{{\it Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion\/} } % added 4/5/93 +\newcommand{\PSST}{{\it Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.} } +\newcommand{\PUS}{{\it Public Understand. Sci.} } +\newcommand{\QO}{{\it Quantum Opt.} } +\newcommand{\QSO}{{\em Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} } +\newcommand{\RPP}{{\it Rep. Prog. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\SLC}{{\it Sov. Lightwave Commun.} } % added 4/5/93 +\newcommand{\SST}{{\it Semicond. Sci. Technol.} } +\newcommand{\SUST}{{\it Supercond. Sci. Technol.} } +\newcommand{\WRM}{{\it Waves Random Media\/} } +% +% Other commonly quoted journals +% +\newcommand{\AC}{{\it Acta Crystallogr.} } +\newcommand{\AM}{{\it Acta Metall.} } +\newcommand{\AP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Lpz.} } +\newcommand{\APNY}{{\it Ann. Phys., NY\/} } +\newcommand{\APP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Paris\/} } +\newcommand{\CJP}{{\it Can. J. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\JAP}{{\it J. Appl. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\JCP}{{\it J. Chem. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\JJAP}{{\it Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\JP}{{\it J. Physique\/} } +\newcommand{\JPhCh}{{\it J. Phys. Chem.} } +\newcommand{\JMMM}{{\it J. Magn. Magn. Mater.} } +\newcommand{\JMP}{{\it J. Math. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\JOSA}{{\it J. Opt. Soc. Am.} } +\newcommand{\JPSJ}{{\it J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.\/} } +\newcommand{\JQSRT}{{\it J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer\/} } +\newcommand{\NC}{{\it Nuovo Cimento\/} } +\newcommand{\NIM}{{\it Nucl. Instrum. Methods\/} } +\newcommand{\NP}{{\it Nucl. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\PL}{{\it Phys. Lett.} } +\newcommand{\PR}{{\it Phys. Rev.} } +\newcommand{\PRL}{{\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} } +\newcommand{\PRS}{{\it Proc. R. Soc.} } +\newcommand{\PS}{{\it Phys. Scr.} } +\newcommand{\PSS}{{\it Phys. Status Solidi\/} } +\newcommand{\PTRS}{{\it Phil. Trans. R. Soc.} } +\newcommand{\RMP}{{\it Rev. Mod. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\RSI}{{\it Rev. Sci. Instrum.} } +\newcommand{\SSC}{{\it Solid State Commun.} } +\newcommand{\ZP}{{\it Z. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\GRG}{{\it Gen. Rel. Grav.} } +\newcommand{\PF}{{\it Phys. Fluids\/} } +\newcommand{\SPJ}{{\it Sov. Phys.--JETP\/} } +% +% More journals added 8 Mar 2011, below (sxb) +% +\newcommand{\jpa}{{\it J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.} } +\newcommand{\BF}{{\it Biofabrication\/} } +\newcommand{\BB}{{\it Bioinspir. Biomim.} } +\newcommand{\BMM}{{\it Biomed. Mater.} } +\newcommand{\CSD}{{\it Comput. Sci. Disc.} } +\newcommand{\ERL}{{\it Environ. Res. Lett.} } +\newcommand{\JBR}{{\it J. Breath Res.} } +\newcommand{\JGE}{{\it J. Geophys. Eng.} } +\newcommand{\JOPT}{{\it J. Opt.} } +\newcommand{\JRP}{{\it J. Radiol. Prot.} } +\newcommand{\MET}{{\it Metrologia\/} } +\newcommand{\NF}{{\it Nucl. Fusion\/} } +\newcommand{\PED}{{\it Phys. Educ.} } +% +% More journals added 6 Feb 2014, below (sxb) +% +\newcommand{\TDM}{{\it 2D Mater.} } +\newcommand{\MRE}{{\it Mater. Res. Express\/} } +\newcommand{\MAF}{{\it Methods Appl. Fluoresc.} } +\newcommand{\TMR}{{\it Transl. Mater. Res.} } +\newcommand{\STMP}{{\it Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.} } +% +% The following journals are externally-edited and the usual IOP Publishing +% submission guidelines do *not* apply if you're submitting to them. +% +\newcommand{\AJ}{{\it AJ\/} } +\newcommand{\APJ}{{\it ApJ\/} } +\newcommand{\APJL}{{\it ApJL\/} } +\newcommand{\APJS}{{\it ApJS\/} } +\newcommand{\ANSN}{{\it Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol.} } +\newcommand{\CJCP}{{\it Chin. J. Chem. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\CPB}{{\it Chinese Phys. B\/} } +\newcommand{\CPC}{{\it Chinese Phys. C\/} } +\newcommand{\CPL}{{\it Chinese Phys. Lett.} } +\newcommand{\CTP}{{\it Commun. Theor. Phys.} } +\newcommand{\EPL}{{\it EPL\/} } +\newcommand{\FDR}{{\it Fluid Dyn. Res.} } +\newcommand{\IZV}{{\it Izv. Math.} } +\newcommand{\JOS}{{\it J. Semicond.} } +\newcommand{\PHU}{{\it Phys.-Usp.} } +\newcommand{\PST}{{\it Plasma Sci. Technol.} } +\newcommand{\QEL}{{\it Quantum Electron.} } +\newcommand{\RAA}{{\it Res. Astron. Astrophys.} } +\newcommand{\RCR}{{\it Russ. Chem. Rev.} } +\newcommand{\RMS}{{\it Russ. Math. Surv.} } +\newcommand{\MSB}{{\it Sb. Math.} } +\newcommand{\SFC}{{\it Science Foundation in China\/} } +\newcommand{\STAM}{{\it Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater.} } +\newcommand{\LP}{{\it Laser Phys.} } +\newcommand{\LPL}{{\it Laser Phys. Lett.} } +\newcommand{\APEX}{{\it Appl. Phys. Express\/} } +% +% SISSA journals +% +\newcommand{\JCAP}{{\it JCAP\/} } +\newcommand{\JHEP}{{\it J. High Energy Phys.\/} } +\newcommand{\JSTAT}{{\it J. Stat. Mech.} } +\newcommand{\JINST}{{\it JINST\/} } +% +% These are the IOP Conference Series journals: again, if you're +% submitting to one of these journals you shouldn't be using iopart.cls +% +\newcommand{\JPCS}{{\it J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.} } +\newcommand{\EES}{{\it IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.} } +\newcommand{\MSE}{{\it IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.} } + +% 2012 new option for twocolumn output +\def\ioptwocol{\setlength\hoffset{-0.5in}\setlength\voffset{-0.5in}\setlength\textwidth{6.75in} +\setlength\columnsep{0.2in}\setlength\textheight{9.25in}\mathindent=0in\twocolumn} +% +% +\pagestyle{headings} +\pagenumbering{arabic} % Arabic page numbers +\raggedbottom +\onecolumn +\endinput +%% +%% End of file `iopart.cls'. + diff --git a/iopart10.clo b/iopart10.clo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1805a0b --- /dev/null +++ b/iopart10.clo @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +%% %% This is file `iopart10.clo' %% %% This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, %% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of %% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. %% %% \CharacterTable %% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z %% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z %% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9 %% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \# %% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \& %% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \) %% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \, %% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/ %% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \< %% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \? %% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\ %% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_ %% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \| %% Right brace \} Tilde \~} \ProvidesFile{iopart10.clo}[1997/01/13 v1.0 IOP Book file (size option)] \renewcommand\normalsize{% \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip \let\@listi\@listI} \normalsize \newcommand\small{% \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}% \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@ \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@ \itemsep \parsep}% \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip } \newcommand\footnotesize{% \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{9.5}% \abovedisplayskip 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus2\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@ \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@ \itemsep \parsep}% \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip } \newcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt} \newcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt} \newcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14}} \newcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18}} \newcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22}} \newcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}} \newcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}} \if@twocolumn \setlength\parindent{12\p@} \else \setlength\parindent{15\p@} \fi \setlength\headheight{12\p@} \setlength\headsep {12\p@} \setlength\topskip {10\p@} \setlength\footskip{20\p@} \setlength\maxdepth{.5\topskip} \setlength\@maxdepth\maxdepth \setlength\textwidth{31pc} \setlength\textheight{49pc} \setlength\oddsidemargin {24\p@} \setlength\evensidemargin {24\p@} \setlength\marginparwidth {72\p@} \setlength\marginparsep {10\p@} \setlength\marginparpush{5\p@} \setlength\topmargin{\z@} \setlength\footnotesep{6.65\p@} \setlength{\skip\footins} {9\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@} \setlength\floatsep {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} \setlength\textfloatsep {20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@} \setlength\intextsep {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} \setlength\dblfloatsep {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} \setlength\dbltextfloatsep{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@} \setlength\@fptop{0\p@} \setlength\@fpsep{8\p@ \@plus 2fil} \setlength\@fpbot{0\p@} \setlength\@dblfptop{0\p@} \setlength\@dblfpsep{8\p@ \@plus 2fil} \setlength\@dblfpbot{0\p@} \setlength\partopsep{2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@} \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini \parsep=\z@ \topsep=5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@ \itemsep=3\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@} \let\@listi\@listI \@listi \def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii \labelwidth\leftmarginii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep \topsep=2\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@ \parsep=\z@ \itemsep=\parsep} \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii \labelwidth\leftmarginiii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep \topsep=\z@ \parsep=\z@ \partopsep=\z@ \itemsep=\z@} \def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv \labelwidth\leftmarginiv \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} \def\@listv {\leftmargin\leftmarginv \labelwidth\leftmarginv \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} \def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi \labelwidth\leftmarginvi \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} \endinput %% %% End of file `iopart.clo'. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/iopart12.clo b/iopart12.clo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48ec5c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/iopart12.clo @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +%% %% This is file `iopart12.clo' %% %% This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, %% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of %% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. %% %% \CharacterTable %% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z %% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z %% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9 %% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \# %% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \& %% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \) %% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \, %% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/ %% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \< %% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \? %% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\ %% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_ %% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \| %% Right brace \} Tilde \~} \ProvidesFile{iopart12.clo}[1997/01/15 v1.0 LaTeX2e file (size option)] \renewcommand\normalsize{% \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xiipt{16}% \abovedisplayskip 12\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus7\p@ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 6.5\p@ \@plus3.5\p@ \@minus3\p@ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip \let\@listi\@listI} \normalsize \newcommand\small{% \@setfontsize\small\@xipt{14}% \abovedisplayskip 11\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus6\p@ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 6.5\p@ \@plus3.5\p@ \@minus3\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 9\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus5\p@ \parsep 4.5\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@ \itemsep \parsep}% \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip } \newcommand\footnotesize{% % \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@xpt\@xiipt \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@xpt{13}% \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@ \parsep 3\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@ \itemsep \parsep}% \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip } \newcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viiipt{9.5}} \newcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vipt\@viipt} \newcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xivpt{18}} \newcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xviipt{22}} \newcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xxpt{25}} \newcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxvpt{30}} \let\Huge=\huge \if@twocolumn \setlength\parindent{14\p@} \else \setlength\parindent{18\p@} \fi \setlength\headheight{14\p@} \setlength\headsep{14\p@} \setlength\topskip{12\p@} \setlength\footskip{24\p@} \setlength\maxdepth{.5\topskip} \setlength\@maxdepth\maxdepth \setlength\textwidth{37.2pc} \setlength\textheight{56pc} \setlength\oddsidemargin {\z@} \setlength\evensidemargin {\z@} \setlength\marginparwidth {72\p@} \setlength\marginparsep{10\p@} \setlength\marginparpush{5\p@} \setlength\topmargin{-12pt} \setlength\footnotesep{8.4\p@} \setlength{\skip\footins} {10.8\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@} \setlength\floatsep {14\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@} \setlength\textfloatsep {24\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@} \setlength\intextsep {16\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@} \setlength\dblfloatsep {16\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@} \setlength\dbltextfloatsep{24\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@} \setlength\@fptop{0\p@} \setlength\@fpsep{10\p@ \@plus 1fil} \setlength\@fpbot{0\p@} \setlength\@dblfptop{0\p@} \setlength\@dblfpsep{10\p@ \@plus 1fil} \setlength\@dblfpbot{0\p@} \setlength\partopsep{3\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini \parsep=\z@ \topsep=6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@ \itemsep=3\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus1\p@} \let\@listi\@listI \@listi \def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii \labelwidth\leftmarginii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep \topsep=3\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@ \parsep=\z@ \itemsep=\parsep} \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii \labelwidth\leftmarginiii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep \topsep=\z@ \parsep=\z@ \partopsep=\z@ \itemsep=\z@} \def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv \labelwidth\leftmarginiv \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv \labelwidth\leftmarginv \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} \def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi \labelwidth\leftmarginvi \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} \endinput %% %% End of file `iopart12.clo'. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/setstack.sty b/setstack.sty new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d0130f --- /dev/null +++ b/setstack.sty @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +%% %% This is file `setstack.sty', created by VIK 15 Dec 1998 %% Reproduces useful macros from amsmath.sty, thus avoiding the need to load the entire %% amsmath.sty and run into conflicts %% Adds definitions for \overset, \underset, \sideset, \substack, \boxed, \leftroot, %% \uproot, \dddot, \ddddot, \varrow, \harrow (see The LateX Companion, pp 225-227) \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}% LaTeX 2.09 can't be used (nor non-LaTeX) [1998/12/15]% LaTeX date must December 1998 or later \ProvidesPackage{setstack} \DeclareRobustCommand{\text}{% \ifmmode\expandafter\text@\else\expandafter\mbox\fi} \let\nfss@text\text \def\text@#1{\mathchoice {\textdef@\displaystyle\f@size{#1}}% {\textdef@\textstyle\tf@size{\firstchoice@false #1}}% {\textdef@\textstyle\sf@size{\firstchoice@false #1}}% {\textdef@\textstyle \ssf@size{\firstchoice@false #1}}% \check@mathfonts } \def\textdef@#1#2#3{\hbox{{% \everymath{#1}% \let\f@size#2\selectfont #3}}} % adds underset, overset, sideset and % substack features from amsmath.sty (Companion p. 226) \def\invalid@tag#1{\@amsmath@err{#1}{\the\tag@help}\gobble@tag} \def\dft@tag{\invalid@tag{\string\tag\space not allowed here}} \def\default@tag{\let\tag\dft@tag} \def\Let@{\let\\\math@cr} \def\restore@math@cr{\def\math@cr@@@{\cr}} \def\overset#1#2{\binrel@{#2}% \binrel@@{\mathop{\kern\z@#2}\limits^{#1}}} \def\underset#1#2{\binrel@{#2}% \binrel@@{\mathop{\kern\z@#2}\limits_{#1}}} \def\sideset#1#2#3{% \@mathmeasure\z@\displaystyle{#3}% \global\setbox\@ne\vbox to\ht\z@{}\dp\@ne\dp\z@ \setbox\tw@\box\@ne \@mathmeasure4\displaystyle{\copy\tw@#1}% \@mathmeasure6\displaystyle{#3\nolimits#2}% \dimen@-\wd6 \advance\dimen@\wd4 \advance\dimen@\wd\z@ \hbox to\dimen@{}\mathop{\kern-\dimen@\box4\box6}% } \newenvironment{subarray}[1]{% \vcenter\bgroup \Let@ \restore@math@cr \default@tag \baselineskip\fontdimen10 \scriptfont\tw@ \advance\baselineskip\fontdimen12 \scriptfont\tw@ \lineskip\thr@@\fontdimen8 \scriptfont\thr@@ \lineskiplimit\lineskip \ialign\bgroup\ifx c#1\hfil\fi $\m@th\scriptstyle##$\hfil\crcr }{% \crcr\egroup\egroup } \newcommand{\substack}[1]{\subarray{c}#1\endsubarray} % definitions of dddot and ddddot(p. 225) \def\dddot#1{{\mathop{#1}\limits^{\vbox to-1.4\ex@{\kern-\tw@\ex@ \hbox{\normalfont ...}\vss}}}} \def\ddddot#1{{\mathop{#1}\limits^{\vbox to-1.4\ex@{\kern-\tw@\ex@ \hbox{\normalfont....}\vss}}}} % definitions of leftroot, uproot (p.225) \begingroup \catcode`\"=12 \gdef\@@sqrt#1{\radical"270370 {#1}} \endgroup \def\leftroot{\@amsmath@err{\Invalid@@\leftroot}\@eha} \def\uproot{\@amsmath@err{\Invalid@@\uproot}\@eha} \newcount\uproot@ \newcount\leftroot@ \def\root{\relaxnext@ \DN@{\ifx\@let@token\uproot\let\next@\nextii@\else \ifx\@let@token\leftroot\let\next@\nextiii@\else \let\next@\plainroot@\fi\fi\next@}% \def\nextii@\uproot##1{\uproot@##1\relax\FN@\nextiv@}% \def\nextiv@{\ifx\@let@token\@sptoken\DN@. {\FN@\nextv@}\else \DN@.{\FN@\nextv@}\fi\next@.}% \def\nextv@{\ifx\@let@token\leftroot\let\next@\nextvi@\else \let\next@\plainroot@\fi\next@}% \def\nextvi@\leftroot##1{\leftroot@##1\relax\plainroot@}% \def\nextiii@\leftroot##1{\leftroot@##1\relax\FN@\nextvii@}% \def\nextvii@{\ifx\@let@token\@sptoken \DN@. {\FN@\nextviii@}\else \DN@.{\FN@\nextviii@}\fi\next@.}% \def\nextviii@{\ifx\@let@token\uproot\let\next@\nextix@\else \let\next@\plainroot@\fi\next@}% \def\nextix@\uproot##1{\uproot@##1\relax\plainroot@}% \bgroup\uproot@\z@\leftroot@\z@\FN@\next@} \def\plainroot@#1\of#2{\setbox\rootbox\hbox{% $\m@th\scriptscriptstyle{#1}$}% \mathchoice{\r@@t\displaystyle{#2}}{\r@@t\textstyle{#2}} {\r@@t\scriptstyle{#2}}{\r@@t\scriptscriptstyle{#2}}\egroup} \def\r@@t#1#2{\setboxz@h{$\m@th#1\@@sqrt{#2}$}% \dimen@\ht\z@\advance\dimen@-\dp\z@ \setbox\@ne\hbox{$\m@th#1\mskip\uproot@ mu$}% \advance\dimen@ by1.667\wd\@ne \mkern-\leftroot@ mu\mkern5mu\raise.6\dimen@\copy\rootbox \mkern-10mu\mkern\leftroot@ mu\boxz@} % definition of \boxed (math in frame, no dollars) p 225 \def\boxed#1{\fbox{\m@th$\displaystyle#1$}} % definition of \smash for top and bottom parts of expression in braces (p.227) \renewcommand{\smash}[2][tb]{% \def\smash@{#1}% \ifmmode\@xp\mathpalette\@xp\mathsm@sh\else \@xp\makesm@sh\fi{#2}} % additional difinitions for arrows % zero mm wide #2 mm long vertical arrow shifted 1 mm to left, 1 mm up \newcommand{\varrow}[2]{% \unitlength=1mm \begin{picture}(0,6) % (0,0) % - for #1 to point arrow down,+ to point arrow up \end{picture}% \put(0,6){\vector(0,#1 3){#2}} % 6,- for down, 0, + for up } % 1 mm high #2 mm long horizontal arrow shifted 1 mm up (0,-1) \newcommand{\harrow}[2]{% \unitlength=1mm \begin{picture}(8,1)(0,-1) % % 1 mm distance between arrow and stackreled object over it (8,1) \put(0,0){\vector(#1 2,0){#2}} % - to point arrow left, + right \end{picture}% } \endinput %% end of setstack.sty %% Corrections history: %% \ No newline at end of file